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The total cost of the project is $2.6 billion, and will be financed by the private sector over a four year period. The loan guarantee made through the Department of Energy means the government is on the hook for part of the project's costs should it fail.

Bank of America, which is partnering with industrial real estate owner Prologis and the utility NRG Energy on the project, estimates the solar installations will result in 733 megawatts of solar energy production. That's about half the size of a nuclear reactor, or enough energy to power around 100,000 homes.

The project involves putting solar panels on hundreds of industrial buildings in a number of states across the country.

"This program will nearly double the amount of grid-connected solar online in the United States today and make another positive contribution to cleaner air and a healthy environment," Tom Doyle, president of NRG Solar, said in a statement.

The loan guarantee is being facilitated through the Department of Energy's Financial Institutions Partnership Program, a program that is ending this fall, and is likely to spark a series of deals over the coming months.

Generous government subsidies are the main reason the economics for solar work in the United States. Between federal, state and local incentives, up to 50% of the cost of a solar system can often be subsidized.

The government is funding this industry because it hopes that creating a market will foster technological innovation in the space, driving down the cost of solar panels to the point where they are competitive with fossil fuels.